| Introduction - West Bank: |
Country | West Bank |
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Background | The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington in September 1993, provided for a transitional period of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. A transfer of authority to the Palestinian Authority (PA) for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and, in additional areas of the West Bank, pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and the West Bank began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out a year later. In April 2003, the Quartet (US, EU, UN, and Russia) presented a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005 based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. The proposed date for a permanent status agreement has been postponed indefinitely due to violence and accusations that both sides have not followed through on their commitments. Following Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFATs death in late 2004, Mahmud ABBAS was elected PA president in January 2005. A month later, Israel and the PA agreed to the Sharm el-Sheikh Commitments in an effort to move the peace process forward. In September 2005, Israel withdrew all its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and four northern West Bank settlements. Nonetheless, Israel controls maritime, airspace, and most access to the Gaza Strip. A November 2005 PA-Israeli agreement authorized the reopening of the Rafah border crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt under joint PA and Egyptian control. In January 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won control of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). The international community has refused to accept the HAMAS-led government because it does not recognize Israel, will not renounce violence, and refuses to honor previous peace agreements between Israel and the PA. Since March 2006, President ABBAS has had little success negotiating with HAMAS to present a political platform acceptable to the international community so as to lift the economic siege on Palestinians. The PLC was unable to convene in late 2006 as a result of Israels detention of many HAMAS PLC members and Israeli-imposed travel restrictions on other PLC members. |
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| Location - West Bank: |
Location | Middle East, west of Jordan |
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Geographic coordinates | 32 00 N, 35 15 E |
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Map references | Middle East |
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Area | total: 5,860 sq km
land: 5,640 sq km
water: 220 sq km
note: includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Mans Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967 |
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Area comparative | slightly smaller than Delaware |
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Land boundaries | total: 404 km
border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km |
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Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims | none (landlocked) |
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Climate | temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters |
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Terrain | mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east |
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Elevation extremes | lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point: Tall Asur 1,022 m |
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Natural resources | arable land |
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Land use | arable land: 16.9%
permanent crops: 18.97%
other: 64.13% (2001) |
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Irrigated land | 150 sq km; note - includes Gaza Strip (2003) |
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Natural hazards | droughts |
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Environment current issues | adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment |
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Geography note | landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israels coastal aquifers; there are 242 West Bank settlements and 29 East Jerusalem settlements in addition to at least 20 occupied outposts (August 2005 est.) |
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| People - West Bank: |
Population | 2,535,927
note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure | 0-14 years: 42.4% (male 551,243/female 524,800)
15-64 years: 54.2% (male 704,209/female 670,382)
65 years and over: 3.4% (male 36,175/female 49,118) (2007 est.) |
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Median age | total: 18.5 years
male: 18.4 years
female: 18.6 years (2007 est.) |
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Population growth rate | 2.985% (2007 est.) |
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Birth rate | 30.99 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Death rate | 3.85 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Net migration rate | 2.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
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Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.736 male(s)/female
total population: 1.038 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate | total: 18.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth | total population: 73.46 years
male: 71.68 years
female: 75.35 years (2007 est.) |
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Total fertility rate | 4.17 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
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Hiv aids adult prevalence rate | NA |
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Hiv aids people living with hiv aids | NA |
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Hiv aids deaths | NA |
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Nationality | noun: NA
adjective: NA |
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Ethnic groups | Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17% |
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Religions | Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8% |
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Languages | Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) |
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Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.4%
male: 96.7%
female: 88% (2004 est.) |
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| Government - West Bank: |
Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: West Bank |
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| Economy - West Bank: |
Economy overview | The West Bank - the larger of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority (PA) - has experienced a general decline in economic conditions since the second intifadah began in September 2000. The downturn has been largely the result of Israeli closure policies - the imposition of border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted labor and trading relationships. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in PA areas resulted in the destruction of capital, the disruption of administrative structures, and widespread business closures. International aid of at least $1.14 billion to the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 2004 prevented the complete collapse of the economy and allowed some reforms in the governments financial operations. In 2005, high unemployment and limited trade opportunities - due to continued closures both within the West Bank and externally - stymied growth. Israels and the international communitys financial embargo of the PA since HAMAS took office in March 2006 has interrupted the provision of PA social services and the payment of PA salaries. |
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Gdp purchasing power parity | $5.327 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2005 est.) |
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Gdp official exchange rate | $3.45 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2003) |
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Gdp real growth rate | 4.9% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005 est.) |
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Gdp per capita ppp | $1,500 (includes Gaza Strip) (2005 est.) |
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Gdp composition by sector | agriculture: 8%
industry: 18.2%
services: 73.9% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005 est.) |
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Labor force | 568,000 (2005) |
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Labor force by occupation | agriculture: 16%
industry: 29%
services: 55% (2005) |
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Unemployment rate | 20.3% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Population below poverty line | 45.7% (2005) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate consumer prices | 2.9% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Budget | revenues: $1.23 billion
expenditures: $1.64 billion; including capital expenditures of $44 million (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Agriculture products | olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products |
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Industries | generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers |
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Industrial production growth rate | 2.4% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Electricity production | NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants |
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Electricity consumption | NA kWh |
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Electricity imports | NA kWh |
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Exports | $301 million f.o.b.; (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Exports commodities | olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone |
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Exports partners | Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2006) |
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Imports | $2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Imports commodities | food, consumer goods, construction materials |
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Imports partners | Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2006) |
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Debt external | $NA |
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Economic aid recipient | $1.14 billion; (includes Gaza Strip) (2004) |
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Currency code | new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD) |
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Exchange rates | new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002) |
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| Communications - West Bank: |
Fiscal year | calendar year |
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Telephones main lines in use | 349,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Telephones mobile cellular | 1.095 million (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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Telephone system | general assessment: NA
domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services in the Gaza Strip; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services
international: country code - 970 (2004) |
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Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 8, shortwave 0 (2005) |
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Television broadcast stations | 8 (2005) |
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Internet country code | .ps; note - same as Gaza Strip |
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Internet users | 243,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2005) |
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| Transportation - West Bank: |
Airports | 3 (2006) |
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Airports with paved runways | total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2006) |
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Roadways | total: 4,996 km
paved: 4,996 km
note: includes Gaza Strip (2004) |
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| Military - West Bank: |
Military expenditures percent of gdp | NA |
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Disputes international | West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel continues construction of a seam line separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israel withdrew from four settlements in the northern West Bank in August 2005; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem, monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region |
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This page was last updated on 16 September, 2007