Svalbard

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Introduction - Svalbard:

Country

Svalbard

Background

First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norways sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.

Location - Svalbard:

Location

Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway

Geographic coordinates

78 00 N, 20 00 E

Map references

Arctic Region

Area

total: 61,020 sq km
land: 61,020 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)

Area comparative

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries

0 km

Coastline

3,587 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 4 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia

Climate

arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year

Terrain

wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m

Natural resources

coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish

Land use

arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)

Irrigated land

NA

Natural hazards

ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic

Environment current issues

NA

Geography note

northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; site of future seed repository under construction by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government

People - Svalbard:

Population

2,214 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA
65 years and over: NA

Dependency status

territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway

Population growth rate

-0.007% (2007 est.)

Birth rate

NA

Death rate

NA

Net migration rate

NA

Sex ratio

NA (2007 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Life expectancy at birth

total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Total fertility rate

NA

Hiv aids adult prevalence rate

0% (2001)

Hiv aids people living with hiv aids

0 (2001)

Hiv aids deaths

0 (2001)

Ethnic groups

Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)

Languages

Norwegian, Russian

Literacy

NA

Government - Svalbard:

Country name

conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)

Government type

NA

Capital

name: Longyearbyen
geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Independence

none (territory of Norway)

Legal system

the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Executive branch

chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)
head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003)
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice

International organization participation

none

Flag description

the flag of Norway is used

Economy - Svalbard:

Economy overview

Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.

Gdp purchasing power parity

$NA

Gdp real growth rate

NA%

Labor force

NA

Budget

revenues: $25.07 million
expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)

Exports

$NA

Imports

$NA

Economic aid recipient

$8.2 million from Norway (1998)

Currency code

Norwegian krone (NOK)

Exchange rates

Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002)

Communications - Svalbard:

Telephones main lines in use

NA

Telephone system

general assessment: probably adequate
domestic: local telephone service
international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)

Television broadcast stations

NA

Internet country code

.sj

Internet users

NA

Transportation - Svalbard:

Airports

4 (2006)

Airports with paved runways

total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)

Airports with unpaved runways

total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2006)

Ports and terminals

Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden

Military - Svalbard:

Military note

demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920

This page was last updated on 16 September, 2007
Source: CIA >>>


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