Pakistan

Pakistan: Travel tips, articles, photos, gallery, cities database, population, pics, flags, statistics, free maps online


Back to Countries, Click to read the whole article: Pakistan
Introduction - Pakistan:
CountryPakistan
BackgroundThe separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with two sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabads marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. The dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but discussions and confidence-building measures have led to decreased tensions since 2002.
Location - Pakistan:
LocationSouthern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Geographic coordinates30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map referencesAsia
Areatotal: 803,940 sq km
land: 778,720 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km
Area comparativeslightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundariestotal: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
Coastline1,046 km
Maritime claimsterritorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climatemostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrainflat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Elevation extremeslowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural resourcesland, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land usearable land: 24.44%
permanent crops: 0.84%
other: 74.72% (2005)
Irrigated land182,300 sq km (2003)
Natural hazardsfrequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
Environment current issueswater pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Environment international agreementsparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Geography notecontrols Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People - Pakistan:
Population164,741,924 (July 2007 est.)
Age structure0-14 years: 36.9% (male 31,264,576/female 29,507,174)
15-64 years: 58.8% (male 49,592,033/female 47,327,161)
65 years and over: 4.3% (male 3,342,650/female 3,708,330) (2007 est.)
Median agetotal: 20.9 years
male: 20.7 years
female: 21 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate1.828% (2007 est.)
Birth rate27.52 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate8 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate-1.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratioat birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.048 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.901 male(s)/female
total population: 1.045 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality ratetotal: 68.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 63.75 years
male: 62.73 years
female: 64.83 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate3.71 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Hiv aids adult prevalence rate0.1% (2001 est.)
Hiv aids people living with hiv aids74,000 (2001 est.)
Hiv aids deaths4,900 (2003 est.)
Nationalitynoun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
Major infectious diseasesdegree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and cutaneous leishmaniasis are high risks depending on location
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified among birds in this country or surrounding region; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2007)
Ethnic groupsPunjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants)
ReligionsMuslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3%
LanguagesPunjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8%
Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 49.9%
male: 63%
female: 36% (2005 est.)
Government - Pakistan:
Country nameconventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form: Pakistan
local long form: Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan
local short form: Pakistan
former: West Pakistan
Government typefederal republic
Capitalname: Islamabad
geographic coordinates: 33 42 N, 73 10 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh
note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of two administrative entities: Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas
Independence14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holidayRepublic Day, 23 March (1956)
Constitution12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003
Legal systembased on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistans status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage18 years of age; universal; joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims
Executive branchchief of state: President General Pervez MUSHARRAF (since 20 June 2001)
note: following a military takeover on 12 October 1999, Chief of Army Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Pervez MUSHARRAF, suspended Pakistans constitution and assumed the additional title of Chief Executive; on 12 May 2000, Pakistans Supreme Court unanimously validated the October 1999 coup and granted MUSHARRAF executive and legislative authority for three years from the coup date; on 20 June 2001, MUSHARRAF named himself as president and was sworn in replacing Mohammad Rafiq TARAR; in a referendum held on 30 April 2002, MUSHARRAFs presidency was extended by five more years; on 1 January 2004, MUSHARRAF won a vote of confidence in the Senate, National Assembly, and four provincial assemblies
head of government: Prime Minister Shaukat AZIZ (since 28 August 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
elections: the president is elected by an electoral college drawn from the national parliament and provincial assemblies for a five-year term; note - Musharraf was last sworn in as President in November 2002; the prime minister is selected by the National Assembly (next elections to be held in late 2007)
election results: AZIZ elected by the National Assembly on 27 August 2004
Legislative branchbicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies and the territories representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one half are elected every three years) and the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members elected by popular vote; 60 seats reserved for women; 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims; to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2009); National Assembly - last held 10 October 2002 (next to be held in 2007)
election results: Senate results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PML 39, MMA 18, PPPP 9, MQM 6, PML/N 4, PkMAP 3, PPP/S 3, ANP 2, BNP/A 1, BNP/M 1, JWP 1, PML/F 1, independents 12; National Assembly results - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party - PML/Q 126, PPPP 81, MMA 63, PML/N 19, MQM 17, NA 16, PML/F 5, PML/J 3, PPP/S 2, BNP/A 1, JWP 1, PAT 1, PkMAP 1, PML/Z 1, PTI 1, independents 4
Judicial branchSupreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court
Political parties and leadersAwami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Party/Hayee Group or BNP/H [Dr. Hayee BALUCH]; Baluch National Party/Awami or BNP/A [Moheem Khan BALOCH]; Baluch National Party-Mengal or BNP/M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami ul-HAQ faction or JUI/S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan or JUP [Shah Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement, or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National Alliance or NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group or PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction or PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; note - as of May 2004, the PML/Q changed its name to PML and absorbed the PML/J, PML/Z, and NA; Pakistan Peoples Party or PPP/S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; Tehrik-i-Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Political pressure groups and leadersmilitary remains most important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential
International organization participationARF, AsDB, C (reinstated 2004), CP, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the uschief of mission: Ambassador Mahmud Ali DURRANI
chancery: 3517 International Court, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 243-6500
FAX: [1] (202) 686-1544
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Sunnyvale (California)
Diplomatic representation from the uschief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge daffaires Peter W. BODDE
embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, Unit 62200, APO AE 09812-2200
telephone: [92] (51) 208-0000
FAX: [92] (51) 2276427
consulate(s) general: Karachi
consulate(s): Lahore, Peshawar
Flag descriptiongreen with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Economy - Pakistan:
Economy overviewPakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes, low levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. However, IMF-approved government policies, bolstered by generous foreign assistance and renewed access to global markets since 2001, have generated solid macroeconomic recovery the last five years. The government has made substantial macroeconomic reforms since 2000, most notably privatizing the banking sector. Poverty levels have decreased by 10% since 2001, and Islamabad has steadily raised development spending in recent years, including a 52% real increase in the budget allocation for development in FY07, a necessary step toward reversing the broad underdevelopment of its social sector. The fiscal deficit - the result of chronically low tax collection and increased spending, including reconstruction costs from the October 2005 earthquake - appears manageable for now. GDP growth, spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8% range in 2004-06. Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to more than 9% in 2005 before easing to 7.9% in 2006. The central bank is pursuing tighter monetary policy - raising interest rates in 2006 - while trying to preserve growth. Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances, but a growing current account deficit - driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion - could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term.
Gdp purchasing power parity $437.5 billion (2006 est.)
Gdp official exchange rate $124 billion (2006 est.)
Gdp real growth rate6.6% (2006 est.)
Gdp per capita ppp $2,600 (2006 est.)
Gdp composition by sectoragriculture: 22%
industry: 26%
services: 52% (2006 est.)
Labor force48.29 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2006 est.)
Labor force by occupationagriculture: 42%
industry: 20%
services: 38% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate6.5% plus substantial underemployment (2006 est.)
Population below poverty line24% (FY05/06 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage sharelowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 27.6% (FY96/97)
Distribution of family income gini index41 (FY98/99)
Inflation rate consumer prices 7.9% (2006 est.)
Investment gross fixed 15.6% of GDP (2006 est.)
Budgetrevenues: $20.55 billion
expenditures: $25.65 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)
Public debt55% of GDP (2006 est.)
Agriculture productscotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Industriestextiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
Industrial production growth rate6% (2006 est.)
Electricity production80.24 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity consumption74.62 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity exports0 kWh (2004)
Electricity imports0 kWh (2004)
Oil production63,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil consumption324,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil exportsNA bbl/day
Oil importsNA bbl/day
Oil proved reserves358.9 million bbl (2006 est.)
Natural gas production27.4 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas consumption27.4 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas exports0 cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas imports0 cu m (2004 est.)
Natural gas proved reserves759.7 billion cu m (1 January 2005 est.)
Current account balance-$5.486 billion (2006 est.)
Exports$19.24 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Exports commoditiestextiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs
Exports partnersUS 21.2%, UAE 9.1%, Afghanistan 7.7%, China 5.4%, UK 5.1% (2006)
Imports$26.79 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Imports commoditiespetroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea
Imports partnersChina 13.7%, Saudi Arabia 10.4%, UAE 9.7%, US 6.4%, Japan 5.7%, Kuwait 4.7%, Germany 4.1% (2006)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold$13.29 billion (2006 est.)
Debt external$42.38 billion (2006 est.)
Economic aid recipient$2.4 billion (FY01/02)
Currency code Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Exchange ratesPakistani rupees per US dollar - 60.35 (2006), 59.515 (2005), 58.258 (2004), 57.752 (2003), 59.724 (2002)
Communications - Pakistan:
Fiscal year1 July - 30 June
Telephones main lines in use5.24 million (2006)
Telephones mobile cellular63.16 million (2007)
Telephone systemgeneral assessment: the telecom infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments into fixed-line and mobile networks; mobile cellular subscribership has skyrocketed, approaching 50 million in late 2006, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth; main line availability has risen only marginally over the same period and there are still difficulties getting main line service to rural areas.
domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks
international: country code - 92; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2006)
Radio broadcast stationsAM 31, FM 68, shortwave NA (2006)
Television broadcast stations20 (5 state-run channels and 15 privately-owned satellite channels) (2006)
Internet country code.pk
Internet hosts72,765 (2006)
Internet users12 million (2006)
Transportation - Pakistan:
Airports139 (2006)
Airports with paved runwaystotal: 91
over 3,047 m: 14
2,438 to 3,047 m: 21
1,524 to 2,437 m: 33
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 8 (2006)
Airports with unpaved runwaystotal: 48
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 23 (2006)
Heliports18 (2006)
Pipelinesgas 10,257 km; oil 2,001 km (2006)
Railwaystotal: 8,163 km
broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Roadwaystotal: 258,340 km
paved: 167,146 km (includes 711 km of expressways)
unpaved: 91,194 km (2004)
Merchant marinetotal: 16 ships (1000 GRT or over) 397,740 GRT/657,656 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 10, container 1, petroleum tanker 4
registered in other countries: 11 (Comoros 2, North Korea 3, Malta 1, Nigeria 1, Panama 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2006)
Ports and terminalsKarachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
Military - Pakistan:
Military branchesArmy (includes National Guard), Navy (includes Marines and Maritime Security Agency), Pakistan Air Force (Pakistan Fizaya) (2007)
Military service age and obligation16 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age of 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors (2006)
Manpower available for military servicemales age 16-49: 39,028,014
females age 16-49: 36,779,584 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military servicemales age 16-49: 29,428,747
females age 16-49: 28,391,887 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annuallymales age 18-49: 1,969,055
females age 16-49: 1,849,254 (2005 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced personsrefugees (country of origin): 1,084,208 (Afghanistan)
IDPs: undetermined (government strikes on Islamic militants in South Waziristan), 34,000 (October 2005 earthquake; most of those displaced returned to their home villages in the spring of 2006) (2006)
Military expenditures percent of gdp3.2% (2006; 3% 2007 est.)
Disputes internationalvarious talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the worlds largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistans ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004 cease fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed stand-off in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests Indias fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in Indias Gujarat State; by 2005, Pakistan, with UN assistance, repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees leaving slightly more than a million, many of whom remain at their own choosing; Pakistan has proposed and Afghanistan protests construction of a fence and laying of mines along portions of their porous border; Pakistan has sent troops into remote tribal areas to monitor and control the border with Afghanistan and to stem terrorist or other illegal activities
This page was last updated on 16 September, 2007
Source: CIA >>>


Map of country Pakistan on-line :
All cities of country Pakistan :
Biggest cities of country Pakistan :
Photo to article Pakistan :
Back Main Page Add to favorites Print article: Pakistan Add photo: Pakistan Send article to your friends Go on top article

Free IQ test online

An Intelligence Quotient or IQ is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure intelligence. Although the term "IQ" is still in common use, the scoring of modern IQ tests such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is now based on a projection of the subject's measured rank on the Gaussian bell curve with a center value (average IQ) of 100, and a standard deviation of 15, although different tests may have different standard deviations. The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising at an average rate of three points per decade since the early 20th century with most of the increase in the lower half of the IQ range: a phenomenon called the Flynn effect. It is disputed whether these changes in scores reflect real changes in intellectual abilities, or merely methodological problems with past or present testing. (Wikipedie)

IQ test lasts approximately 30 minutes and contains 40 questions !

In the IQ test you must focus on the maximum. Test questions are simple. In the IQ test may not use the calculator and paper.

Free IQ test online :





Banner on your page · Visitor's book · Besplatnye igry onlajn · Free games online · CZ Hry  · RoboStav
Copyright (c) 2024 by TiptopGlobe.com. All Rights Reserved!


Photo: Pakistan
Pakistan



Photo: Pakistan
Pakistan



Photo: Pakistan
Pakistan



Photo: Pakistan
Pakistan



Photo: Pakistan
Pakistan




Add photo...


Free IQ test

Games Online