Malaysia

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Introduction - Malaysia:
Location - Malaysia:
People - Malaysia:
Government - Malaysia:
Economy - Malaysia:
Communications - Malaysia:
Transportation - Malaysia:
Military - Malaysia:
Military branches	Malaysian Armed Forces (Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, ATM): Malaysian Army (Tentera Darat Malaysia), Royal Malaysian Navy (Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia, TLDM), Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, TUDM) (2006)

Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2005)

Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 5,584,231 females age 18-49: 5,510,345 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 4,574,854 females age 18-49: 4,613,321 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 244,418 females age 18-49: 231,896 (2005 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 19,153 (Indonesia), 14,208 (Burma) (2006)

Military expenditures percent of gdp	2.03% (2005 est.)

Trafficking in persons	current situation: Malaysia is a destination and, to a lesser extent, a source and transit country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor; foreign victims, mostly women and girls from China, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam, are trafficked to Malaysia for commercial sexual exploitation; economic migrants from countries in the region who work as domestic servants or laborers in the construction and agricultural sectors face exploitative conditions in Malaysia that meet the definition of involuntary servitude; some Malaysian women, primarily of Chinese ethnicity, are trafficked abroad for sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Malaysia is placed on Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking, particularly its failure to provide protection for victims of trafficking

Disputes international	Malaysia has asserted sovereignty over the Spratly Islands together with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; while the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea has eased tensions over the Spratly Islands, it is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties; Malaysia was not party to the March 2005 joint accord among the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam on conducting marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; disputes continue over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapores land reclamation, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in November 2007, the ICJ will hold public hearings in response to the Memorials and Countermemorials filed by the parties in 2003 and 2005 over sovereignty of Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge; ICJ awarded Ligitan and Sipadan islands, also claimed by Indonesia and Philippines, to Malaysia but left maritime boundary and sovereignty of Unarang rock in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute; separatist violence in Thailands predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompts measures to close and monitor border with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysias Sabah State in northern Borneo; Brunei and Malaysia are still considering international adjudication over their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds, where hydrocarbon exploration was terminated in 2003; Malaysias land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait