Burma

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Introduction - Burma:
Location - Burma:
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Government - Burma:
Economy - Burma:
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Transportation - Burma:
Military - Burma:
Military branches	Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw): Army, Navy, Air Force (2005)

Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for voluntary military service for both sexes; forced conscription of children, although officially prohibited, reportedly continues (2007)

Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 12,268,850 females age 18-49: 12,469,771 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 7,946,701 females age 18-49: 8,543,705 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually	males age 18-49: 469,841 females: 455,689 (2005 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons	IDPs: 540,000 (government offensives against ethnic insurgent groups near the eastern borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen, Karenni, Shan, Tavoyan, and Mon) (2006)

Military expenditures percent of gdp	2.1% (2005 est.)

Trafficking in persons	current situation: Burma is a source country for men, women, and children trafficked to East and Southeast Asia for sexual exploitation, domestic service, and forced commercial labor; a significant number of victims are economic migrants who wind up in forced or bonded labor and forced prostitution; to a lesser extent, Burma is a country of transit and destination for women trafficked from China for sexual exploitation; internal trafficking of persons occurs primarily for labor in industrial zones and agricultural estates; internal trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation occurs from villages to urban centers and other areas; the military juntas economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, and policy of using forced labor are driving factors behind Burmas large trafficking problem tier rating: Tier 3 - Burma does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so

Disputes international	over half of Burmas population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic rebels, illegal cross-border activities, Karen and other refugees, and asylum seekers from Burma; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween River near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River which flows through China, Burma, and Thailand; India seeks cooperation from Burma to keep Indian Nagaland separatists, such as the United Liberation Front of Assam, from hiding in remote Burmese Uplands; Burmese Rohingya Muslim refugees reside in two camps in Bangladesh